身体イメージと身体図式の定義（Body image and body schema）
A body image is composed of a system of
experiences, attitudes, and beliefs where the object of such intentional states
is one’s own body.
Studies that involve body image frequently
distinguish among three intentional elements.
(1) A subject’s perceptual experience of his/her own body.
(2) A subject’s conceptual understanding (including folk and/or
scientific knowledge) of the body in general.
(3) A subject’s emotional attitude toward his or her own body.
Conceptual and emotional aspects of body
image are not doubt affected by various cultural and interpersonal factors, but
in many respects their content originates in perceptual experience.
By contrast,
The concept of body schema include two
aspects:
(1) the close-to-automatic system of processes that constantly regulates
posture and movement to serve intentional action,
(2) our pre-reflective and non-objectifying body-awareness.
Body schema is a system of sensorimotor
capacities and activations that function without the necessity of perceptual
monitoring.
Body-schematic processes are responsible
for motor control, and involve sensorimotor capacities, abilities, and habits
that enable movement and the maintenance of posture.
Such processes are not perceptions, belief,
or, feelings, but sensorimotor functions that continue to operate, and in many
respects operate best, when the intentional object of perception is something
other than one’s own body.
On the other hand, however, the body schema (and
this reflects Merleau-Ponty’s usage of the term) also includes our
pre-reflective, proprioceptive awareness of our bodily action.Gallagher and Zahavi,(2008),The Phenomenological mind,(pp.145-146)
